The classic model of software quality factors, suggested by mccall, consists of 11 factors mccall et al. In this hierarchy, engineering productivity metrics can be advanced from the element or subcategory level up to the discipline level, such as total concrete, total steel, and total piping. There are as many ways to design and program as there are programmers. The success of a software product, service, and solution depends on good business management. Quality and productivity factors in software engineering. Identifying factors affecting software development cost. Productivity traditionally refers to the ratio between the quantity of software produced and the cost spent for it.
Productivity for systems engineering is defined as the amount of the system measured in ereq produced or realized per unit of labor measured in eng. Software productivity is a deceptively simple concept, but a matter of some debate. Software engineering management for productivity and quality. Software engineering as per ieee standard november 1 october 11 august 8 july 3 june 5 may 42 april 6 march 50 february 14. Standard of development also described explicitly and expected or proposed benefit from the software that became developed. In software a mere fitness of purpose definition for quality wont suffice.
Software productivity software engineering 10th edition. Lect 3 quality and productivity factors reliability. That attribute can also be described as the fitness for purpose of a piece of software or how it compares to competitors in the marketplace as a. Industry software cost, quality and productivity benchmarks. Software engineering bca notes for semester iii tips to download notes on software engineering i suggest you to visit bca notes official blog web software engineering i software engin. Software engineering economics is about making decisions related to software engineering in a business context. Six important factors to consider behind software development.
This empirical study led to the discovery of interesting factors that show how the different factors do or do not affect. Some of the factors found to have an impact on cost are already included in estimation models such as cocomo ii, teamate, and seersem, for. Define the meaning of software quality and detail the factors which affects the quality not productivity of a software product. Below are some examples of test metrics and methods for measuring the important aspects of software quality. Influence of human factors in software quality and. Developing methods that can produce highquality software is another fundamental goal of software engineering. Influence factors in software productivity semantic scholar. Note that there are various methods to measure software size. Conclusions the preceding discussion demonstrated that process engineering is an effective approach to improving soft ware quality and productivity. Developing methods that can produce high quality software is another fundamental goal of software engineering. Its quality and productivity depends on the processes which develop and maintain those software products.
Every software is a bit different and developers have to do slightly different things to ensure quality. Conclusion while the costs may seem large, it is important to remember that the software developed will be customized with your businesses procedures in mind, not. Influence of human factors in software quality and productivity. Lect 3 quality and productivity factors reliability engineering. There are many factors that influence this decision, including development, build and testing. While the cost of software development may seem high, often the cost of not having the right program in place are higher. Individual programmer productivity is affected by a range of factors and it does not always follow that the programmer who produces the most lines of code is the most productive. Top 10 productivity metrics for software development infopulse.
Eg even if a software performs all the functions as specified in the srs software requirement specification document, if it does not have a good user interface or its code is unmaintainable, we cannot say it of good quality. A software quality factor is a nonfunctional requirement for a software program which is not called up by the customers contract, but nevertheless is a desirable requirement which enhances the quality of the software program. There are probably a large number of factors influencing the programming productivity of individuals and teams. This ifip proceedings brings together the work of leading researchers and practitioners who are concerned with the efficient production of quality software. An empirical study of the impact of project factors on. Business benefits of having software development productivity metrics in place. A discussion addressing how the productivity factors relate to cost estimation models and their factors is presented. So, its productivity and quality needs ability and effort. In fact this is the precendition attribute of an application, and maybe not a quality factor but we wanted to point that as the last quality factor, for taking attention.
Productivity estimates are usually based on measuring attributes of the software and dividing this by the total effort required for development. You may need these productivity estimates to help define the project cost or schedule, to inform investment decisions or to assess whether process or technology improvements are effective. Apr 24, 2018 the biggest factor is the experience and expertise of the developers working on the software. Introduction the competitive environment in software market today requires organizations to increase their quality level and reduce their production costs. If you are working with software that constantly has glitches or stops working, requiring your employees to restart the system several times a day, the loss of productivity adds up.
Quality and productivity factors development and maintenance of software products are complex tasks. Quality and productivity factors during software d. Another factor working against success stems from the very nature of software. Yet, in many companies and organizations, software business relationships to software development and engineering remain vague. Moreover, are quality and other well accepted factors such as reuse considered in software engineering productivity measurement. Pdf factors influencing software development productivity state. Quality of software may be defined as the need of function and efficiency. The objective of measuring the software quality is to use the received results for planning the budget and schedule, estimating costs, testing and qa, debugging, etc. It is an essential read for software quality professionals who wish to better understand the challenges they face and the cost and effectiveness of potential solutions. Although its earliest measurement was in lines of code per manhours worked, a better definition is the ratio between the functional value of software produced to the labor and expense of producing it. Managed detailed quantitative measures for quality and productivity are collected. However, productivity is only 1 aspect of software development.
Software quality measurement quantifies to what extent a software program or system rates along each of these five dimensions. Engineering productivity data both work hours and ifc quantities can be collected and compared at the major category, subcategory, or element level. The goal behind using precise metrics and measurement in software engineering is to identify and control what can affect software development and the project as a whole. Some factors that influence quality and productivity are. Human factors considerations can have a major impact on the software development process and the quality of the software produced. Measurement of engineering productivity performance metrics. The various factors, which influence the software, are termed as software factors. The human factors engineering services available from qualityone are consulting, training and support, which may include facilitation, auditing or contract services. Testing and debugging general terms reliability, veri cation. As the world becomes increasingly dependent on the use of computers, the need for quality software which can be produced at reasonable cost increases. In between, it could go through testing, qa, and staging, depending on your organization. The director of productivity and quality improvement coordinates csc employee participation and suggestions with managements overall plan for improvement.
They and others showed that these are the decisive issues in software engineering but were only able to describe them anecdotally. Jun 11, 2018 software engineering software quality. Programming productivity also called software productivity or development productivity describes the degree of the ability of individual programmers or development teams to build and evolve software systems. Productivity, quality, profitability and the role of managers.
White, jefferson lab, newport news, va, usa abstract since the advent of electronic computers, people have struggled to develop effective software engineering processes. Traditionally more effort has been devoted to technical and process aspects of software quality and productivity. Individual ability software engineering is labor intensive. The biggest factor is the experience and expertise of the developers working on the software. Oct 28, 2019 quality and productivity factors development and maintenance of software products are complex tasks. This book introduces software quality assurance sqa and provides an overview of standards used to implement sqa. It defines ways to assess the effectiveness of how one approaches software quality across key industry sectors such as telecommunications, transport, defense, and aerospace. The economics of software quality is a comprehensive, datarich study of challenges of quality software across the many application domains. Till now we have been talking software quality in general.
Our experienced team of professionals will provide a customized approach for developing your people and processes based on your unique human factors needs. Top 10 productivity metrics for software development. Quality is lower than the quality standard factors that affect profitability can be both external and internal to the organization. Quality and productivity factors linkedin slideshare. Factors affecting software development productivity proceedings.
However, in an activity like software development so intensive in workforce and so dependent on professionals performance, it is strange that human and social factors affecting development teams have been attracted little attention. The author advocates for human factor topics to be part of mainstream software engineering education in order to elevate job satisfaction, improve performance, and increase productivity of. The level of software quality attainable is a reflection of an organizational business decision. We need to know various quality factors upon which quality of a software produced is evaluated. Pdf influence of human factors in software quality and productivity. Efficiency for systems engineering is defined as the.
What are the factors in which software quality depends. Quality and productivity factors during software development. An aggregated measure of software quality can be computed through a qualitative or a quantitative scoring scheme or a mix of both and then a weighting system reflecting the priorities. Quality and productivityoriented software engineering. Productivity in constructions remained flat for the last 50 years while other industries have seen measurable improvements. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Quality assurance is the process of evaluating the factors which affect the quality of any product or service to give confidence that it will continue to maintain its quality level. Efficient measuring and testing of your software for quality is the only way to maximize the chances of releasing highquality software in todays fastpaced development environments. Here the delicacy lies in finding a reasonable way to define software. Identifying factors affecting software development cost and. Managing software development productivity is a key issue in software organizations.
Highlevel languages have increased programmer productivity by removing from the programmer the burden of remembering what values are in what register and placing it on a software system which is much more suited to. If you work in any way in aec, the architecture, engineering, and construction industries, youve probably heard people talk about the construction industrys productivity problem. The software quality management system must be audited on a regular basis servicing and support activities must be subject to the quality management system the developers must establish appropriate statistical techniques to verify the acceptability of the final product. From early times of software engineering, attention to software quality has evident.
Pdf influence of human factors in software quality and. The book illustrates how basic concepts of software quality assurance can be utilized in businesses. Improving software quality and productivity sciencedirect. Software engineering productivity ricardo colomopalacios. Software quality factors have not yet been validated through empirical studies. Productivity, quality, profitability and the role of. The aim of this approach is to improve the quality of software and to deal with human errors in a systematic way.
In order to offer better service to our clients, in the last few years i have been researching about software development productivity and efficiency. The best way to reduce costs in software development is by increasing productivity 1. Top, mid and lowlevel managers play a significant role in how productivity and quality affects profitability in an organization. Write different software quality factors computer notes. A landmark in this movement towards making the software development process more visible was the advocacy by the american software guru. While these processes are similar to those used by hardware engineers, the software industry has earned a. Some of the factors found to have an impact on cost are already included in estimation models such as cocomo ii, teamate, and seersem, for instance function points and software platform. Quality and productivity factors during software development some factors that effects the quality and productivity are. Specifically, using software development metrics contributes to the following. The best metrics for measuring software development productivity and efficiency are committodeploy time cdt. A severe drought is an external factor that may cause wheat.
Apr 18, 2017 the best metrics for measuring software development productivity and efficiency are committodeploy time cdt. This is the time it takes for the code to go from committing to deploy. Several models of software quality factors and their categorization have been suggested over the years. Quality one provides knowledge, guidance and direction in quality and reliability activities, tailored to your unique wants, needs and desires. Similarly, models consisting of 12 to 15 factors, were suggested by deutsch and willis 1988 and by evans and marciniak 1987. Simply put, a software metric is a measure that allows getting a quantitative value of software features or specifications. Software functional quality reflects how well it complies with or conforms to a given design, based on functional requirements or specifications. In the context of software engineering, software quality refers to two related but distinct notions. We can view quality of a software product as having three dimensions. In addition, the many factors that cause these measures to vary must also be identi. Dec 10, 2014 quality and productivity factors during software development some factors that effects the quality and productivity are. Factors influencing software development productivity. What software quality really is and the metrics you can use. A set of factors that are likely to make the most significant contributions to quality and productivity.
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